Cross-border freight is well-developed between Vietnam, and it’s three terrestrial neighbours, which are Cambodia, Laos and China. Between the 4 countries, rail, road and fluvial freight solutions are existing. There are, in total, 56 major and 71 minor border posts that are unifying Vietnam to its neighbouring countries. This article is detailing the different ways, procedures, transit times and trading data between Vietnam, Laos, China and Cambodia.

map of the roads in Indochina

This map is highlighting the main highways and railways existing between the 4 countries.

Cross-border freight between Vietnam and Laos

laos vietnam crossboarderA long border is separating Laos from the north-western part of Vietnam. Because it is crossed by 7 highways, this border is favourable to trade between the two countries. The two countries are members of the ASEAN, so trade in goods are eased and encouraged between them. Below is a list of the main road checkpoints from south to north, that are enabling vehicles to drive between the two countries :

  • Bo Y International border gate / Xayden
  • Cửa khẩu La Lay / La Lay Border A Chungklung
  • Lao Bao Border 605 / Dansavan
  • Cha Lo Bordergate / Ban Dupré
  • Cau Treo Border pass / Nam Phao International Checkpoint
  • Nam Can Border station / Dindan
  • Ban Na Meo / Ban Na Mang
  • Joint Control Station Loong Sap / Pa Hang
  • Ban Chieng Khuong / Ban Dan
  • Sop Cop Border Crossing station
  • Border Crossing 113 Vietnam Laos

 Transit times between Vietnam and Laos

Road freight between the two countries is short on average. At most, 2 days are necessary to travel between Vietnam and Laos. The following table is detailing the road transit times between the main cities of the two countries :

HCMC Hanoi Hai Phong Da Nang Can Tho Bien Hoa Nha Trang
Vientiane 1 day 21 hours 1 day 1 day 2 days 1 day 2 days
Pakse 17 hours 1 day 1 day 11 hours 21 hours 17 hours 21 hours
Savannakhet 1 day 21 hours 1 day 14 hours 1 day 1 day 1 day
Luang Prabang 2 days 1 day 1 day 1 day 2 days 2 days 2 days
Xam Neua 2 days 10 hours 13 hours 1 day 2 days 2 days 2 days
Phonsavan 2 days 18 hours 19 hours 1 day 2 days 2 days 2 days

Customs procedure at the border between Vietnam and Laos

customs clearance vietnamTo ease cross-border trucking, easier and more flexible rules have been implemented at the border:

  • Enterprises must have the international transport trade certificate
  • Vehicles doing the cross-border freight must have the inter-state permit
  • Customs procedures at checkpoints have been eased
  • The vehicle types and itineraries limitations have been suppressed between the two countries
  • It is allowed to cross the border in 15 checkpoints between the two countries
  • The limitation of trading and non-trading vehicles allowed to cross the border has been suppressed

Trade statistics between Vietnam and Laos

Vietnam is the 3rd import and export partner of Laos according to the most recent statistics. On the Vietnamese side, Laos was its 34th export and 24th import partner. In 2016, 506.8 million USD of goods from Laos where exported to Vietnam, and 402.4 million USD of Vietnamese goods where imported into Laos.

Laos is mainly importing refined petroleum, bi-wheels vehicle parts, hot-rolled iron bars, stone processing machines, beers, iron structures and flat flat-rolled steel from Vietnam. On the other way, Vietnam is principally importing flavored water, rolled tobacco, rubber, bovine, raw sugar, coffee, oxometallic and peroxometallic acid salts, corn, rice and cassava from Laos.

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Cross-border freight between Vietnam and Cambodia

vietnam cambodia crossboarderVietnam and Cambodia are possessing a terrestrial border in common. This border is located on the eastern side of Cambodia, and on the south-western part of Vietnam. This border can be crossed by trucks but also by vessels, because numerous rivers are crossing the two territories, like the Mekong. Several roads and highways are also crossing the two countries. In addition to their belonging to the ASEAN, numerous agreements have been signed between the two countries to ease trades.

Hence, in 2009, the two countries signed a free circulation agreement for vessels on the Mekong. This agreement reduced drastically the customs procedures imposed to the ship navigating between the two countries on the river. It also increased the goods transport operated by Vietnamese, Cambodian and foreign shipping companies. Since that time, the fluvial freight on the Mekong is in a constant growth and development.

Here is a list of the main border posts existing between the two countries, going from south to north:

  • Ha Tien Border Crossing / Prek Chak International Border Crossing
  • Tinh Bien / Phnom Den Bordergate
  • Long Binh / Chrey Thom Customs and Tax Office
  • Immigration Check Point at the Border from Vietnam to Cambodia on the Mekong River
  • Cửa khẩu Quốc tế Dinh Bà / Pras Sva Village
  • Thong Binh / Peam Montea Border Checkpoint
  • Cambodia-Vietnam Border Binh Hiep / Thmei Commune
  • Cửa khẩu Quốc tế Mộc Bài / Bavet Border Stop
  • HẢI QUAN CỬA KHẨU XA MÁT / Police of Trapeang Phlong International Border Check Point
  • Cửa khẩu phụ Vạc Sa
  • International Hoa Lu border gate / Snoul boarder Cambodia
  • Cửa khẩu Hoàng Diệu
  • Gate Bup'rang / Dak Dam
  • Le Thanh Border Gate / Pok Nhai

Transit times between Vietnam and Cambodia

transit vietnam campodiaAs for Laos, road freight between Vietnam and Cambodia enables to transfer goods quickly between the two countries. The following table indicates the transit times between the main cities:

HCMC Hanoi Hai Phong Da Nang Can Tho Bien Hoa Nha Trang
Phnom Penh 7 hours 2 days 2 days 1 day 6 hours 7 hours 19 hours
Ta Khmau 7 hours 2 days 2 days 1 day 6 hours 7 hours 19 hours
Battambang 16 hours 2 days 2 days 1 day 15 hours 16 hours 1 day
Serei Saophoan 17 hours 2 days 2 days 1 day 18 hours 17 hours 1 day
Siem Reap 14 hours 1 day 1 day 1 day 16 hours 14 hours 1 day
Kampong Cham 6 hours 2 days 2 days 1 day 9 hours 6 hours 16 hours
Sihanoukville 14 hours 2 days 2 days 1 day 9 hours 14 hours 1 day

Customs procedure at the border between Vietnam and Cambodia

customs checkpointFor a crossborder truck freight from Vietnam to Cambodia, it is necessary to show to the Vietnamese customs office at the border several documents, included:

  • The commercial invoice(s) of the goods
  • The selling contract(s)
  • The packing list(s)
  • The vehicle bill of lading

When you arrive in Cambodia, the Cambodian customs will asks you to show:

  • The selling contract(s)
  • The commercial invoice(s)
  • The packing list(s)
  • The VAT and the patent

Also, the inter-state permit for the vehicle and the international transport trade certificate may be asked.

Trade statistics between Vietnam and Cambodia

According to the last statistics published, Vietnam was the third import and 7th export partner of Cambodia. In the other way, Cambodia was the 19th import and export partner of Vietnam. Cambodia exported a total value of 230 million USD of goods in Vietnam, while Vietnam exported 1.415 billion USD of goods in Cambodia in 2016.

Cambodia is mainly importing refined petroleum, light rubberized knitted fabrics, petroleum gas, footwear components, animal food, bi-wheel vehicle parts and nitrogenous fertilizers from Vietnam.

On the other way, Vietnam is importing rubber, raw sugar, light rubberized knitted fabrics, diamonds, molasses, rolled tobacco, watch cases and parts and aluminium cans from Cambodia.

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Cross-border freight between Vietnam and China

vietnam china crossboarderChina is one of the most important trade partners of Vietnam. Indeed, a lot of Vietnamese goods are exported to China. China is also exporting a large quantity of goods into Vietnam. Their neighbouring situation is facilitating the road and rail transport between them, which are very developed. But the biggest part of their exchanges is made via sea freight. Free Trade Agreements between China and the ASEAN is greatly easing road transport between the two territories. Numerous roads are crossing the border located between northern Vietnam and south-eastern China. China is a vast country, so road freight is mainly used to transport goods between Vietnam and southern China. Contrariwise, rail freight between the two countries is covering larger zones.

Here is a list of the Checkpoints between the two countries, going from west to east:

  • Border Posts No. 66(2) / Bin He Lu
  • Lao Cai International Border Gate Administration Center / Hekouzhen
  • Thanh Thuy Border Crossing Gate / Malipo Xian
  • Hung Quoc gate
  • Ta Lung Border Station
  • Cửa khẩu Pò Mã
  • Friendship Border Station / Border Port No. 1116Border Port No. 1116
  • Chi Ma border gate / Ningming Xian
  • Hoanh Mo Border / Fangchenggang
  • Mong Cai international border gate

 Transit times between Vietnam and China

transit vietnam chinaDepending on which cities you are trying to join from Vietnam to southern China, the journey can be short or moderately long. The table below is providing transit times for crossborder truck freights between the two countries:

HCMC Hanoi Hai Phong Da Nang Can Tho Bien Hoa Nha Trang
Shenzhen / Guangzhou / Hong Kong 3 days 1 day 1 day 2 days 3 days 3 days 3 days
Dongguan 3 days 1 day 1 day 2 days 3 days 3 days 3 days
Foshan 3 days 1 day 1 day 2 days 3 days 3 days 3 days
Shantou 3 days 1 day 1 day 2 days 3 days 3 days 3 days
Kunming 3 days 1 day 1 day 2 days 3 days 3 days 2 days
Zhongshan 3 days 1 day 1 day 2 days 3 days 3 days 3 days
Nanning 2 days 11 hours 12 hours 1 day 2 days 2 days 2 days
Huizhou 3 days 1 day 1 day 2 days 3 days 3 days 3 days

The following table is detailing transit times between the main Vietnamese and Chinese cities via rail freight :

HCMC Hanoi Hai Phong Da Nang Can Tho Bien Hoa Nha Trang
Xi’An 8 days 5 days 5 days 7 days 8 days 8 days 8 days
Shenzhen/Guangzhou 6 days 3 days 2 days 4 days 6 days 6 days 6 days
Qingdao 10 days 6 days 6 days 8 days 10 days 10 days 9 days
Ningbo/Shanghai 9 days 5 days 5 days 7 days 9 days 9 days 8 days
Beijing 10 days 6 days 6 days 8 days 10 days 10 days 10 days
Chongqing 7 days 3 days 3 days 5 days 7 days 7 days 6 days
Kunming 6 days 2 days 2 days 4 days 6 days 6 days 5 days
Nanchang 7 days 4 days 4 days 5 days 7 days 7 days 7 days
Harbin 13 days 9 days 9 days 11 days 13 days 13 days 12 days
Changsha 7 days 3 days 3 days 5 days 7 days 7 days 6 days

Trade statistics between Vietnam and China

In 2016, Vietnam was the sixth export and the 10th import partner of China. On the other hand, China was the second export and the first import partner of Vietnam. 37 billion USD of Vietnamese goods were imported in China, while 61 billion USD of Chinese goods were exported to Vietnam during the same year.

China is mainly importing integrated circuits, telephones, broadcasting accessories, non-retail pure cotton yarn, crude petroleum, video recording equipment, microphones and headphones, synthetic rubber, footwear fabrics, rice, fruits and fuel wood from Vietnam.

On the other hand, Vietnam is mainly importing telephones, light rubberized knitted fabric, flat flat-rolled steel, aluminium bars, LCDs and integrated circuits from China.

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